Clinical approaches in management of black stains in children: A case report

• Author Details:   
• Ashovardhini P S
• Sundeep Hegde K
• Sham S Bhat
• Ajay Rao H T
• Sharan S Sargod
• Bharati Nagaraj Honnekeri ^*

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Black stains represent extrinsic dental stains frequently observed in children and are caused by chromogenic bacteria. Though it is harmless, they can be of aesthetic concern and may require repeated treatment, presenting a challenge to both clinicians and parents. Notably, black stains have been associated with a lower caries risk, possibly due to its iron content and possess a stable oral microbiome. However, there is a tendency to recur frequently even after good prophylactic treatment. This case report presents the diagnosis, treatment and preventive management of recurrent black stains in children. Two siblings, a boy aged 13 years and a girl aged 10 years, came to the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry with a complaint of recurrent frequent black stains following previous oral prophylaxis taken three months prior. Treatment included extensive oral prophylaxis, polishing and the application of stain-removal toothpaste. The patients were recalled two months later to evaluate the outcome. This article discusses therapeutic approaches to removal of the black stains and the importance of recurrence prevention with personalized oral hygiene procedures as well as patient education. Other interventions such as dietary modification, prophylactic professional removal and the use of probiotic or antimicrobial agents can further enhance outcomes. An interdisciplinary, preventive approach is vital for long-term success in black stain control especially in children.